{"ModuleCode":"NM4204","ModuleTitle":"Ethical Issues in Emergent Technologies","Department":"Communications And New Media","ModuleDescription":"This module will explore the prime ethical issues in an age where new media technologies are becoming increasingly ubiquitous. Central topics addressed will be privacy, surveillance, access, censorship, hacking, intellectual property, mediated identity, and digital rights. The question of how the concept of ethics has changed in the advent of the information society through humanist notions of technological instrumentalism, justice and dignity, and democracy, will be tackled as well. 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This module will discuss the ethical issues involved in interactive media and emergent technologies that influence communication, information and data management. We will follow how these technologies challenge our ideas of morality, ethics, etiquette, value, virtue and justice, and cover topics such as intellectual freedom, misinformation, access to information and other technologies, information policy, data privacy, computing ethics, bioethics, nanoethics etc.
\r\n\t\tThe main objectives of this module are to:
\r\n\t\t1. Introduce students to the basic ideas around ethical thought and decision-making.
2. Equip students with an understanding of the main ethical, political and moral issues and controversies in the information age through case-studies and ethical philosophies around new information technologies.
3. Enhance students’ critical thinking skills as well as their ability to responsibly cope with (technological) complexity and ambivalence.
4. Provide an indispensable awareness of the ethical disputes in the information age for students’ future academic or professional careers in new media practices and policy-making.
Prerequisites: Must have completed 80 MC
Preclusions: IF4204","Order":2},{"ID":"3e5f053b-8835-4692-be49-41f07234cfff","Title":"Teaching Modes","Description":"\r\n\t\t
Seminar-style teaching with use of online forum
\n\tOne seminar (3 hrs) a week on Monday.
\n\n\t1 Introduction to ethics
\n\t2 Misinformation
\n\t3 Intellectual property and copyright
\n\t4 Ethical issues in content creation
\n\t5 Online censorship and digital access
\n\t6 Data privacy, safety, and surveillance
\n\t- midterm break -
\n\t7 Medical and bio-technologies
\n\t8 no class due to Hari Raya Haji
\n\t9 Justice, (post)humanism and technological instrumentalism
\n\t10 Digital rights, freedom, and democracy
\n\t11 New media activism
\n\t12 Gender, race, class, and the digital divide
\n\t13 Emergent technologies, violence, and war
\n\t
\n\t
\r\n\t
\r\n\t NM4204 ETHICS IN EMERGENT TECHNOLOGIES
\r\n\t
\r\n\t(Note: Spinello's Cyberethics. Morality and Law in Cyberspace and Klass' “The Best Intentions” can be found in the RBR.)
\r\n\t(Note: readings in brown are the more philosophical background readings. Try them if you're keen!)
\r\n\t
\r\n\tSection One: New Technologies and Applied Ethics
\r\n\t
\r\n\tWeek 1: Introduction to ethics
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- overview of module, assessment
\r\n\t- module concepts and aims: meta-ethics, normative ethics, applied ethics and main ethical issues in the information age
\r\n\t- critical- and situational ethics / ethical ambivalence
\r\n\t
\r\n\tCompulsory reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Borgmann, A.: “The Moral Assessment of Technology.” In: Winner, L.: Democracy in a Technological Society.
\r\n\t- Spinello, R.: “The Internet and Ethical Values.” In: Cyberethics. Morality and Law in Cyberspace.
\r\n\t- Newall, P.: “Ethics.” In: The Galilean Library. http://www.galilean-library.org/int11.html
\r\n\t
\r\n\tAdditional reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Day, L.A.: “Ethics and Moral Development”, “Ethics and Society” and “Ethics and Moral Reasoning.” In: Ethics in Media Communications.
\r\n\t- Kaplan, D.: “How to Read Technology Critically.” In: Olsen, Selinger and Riis (eds): New Waves in Philosophy of Technology.
\r\n\t- Butler, Judith: “Ethical Ambivalence.” In: Garber, Hanssen and Walkowitz (eds):The Turn to Ethics.
\r\n\t- Levinas, Emmanuel: “The Rights of Man and the Rights of the Other.” In: Outside the Subject.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tWeek 2: Misinformation
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- issues of representation
\r\n\t- spam, cracking, phreaking, viruses, identity theft, defamation, online rumours
\r\n\t
\r\n\tCompulsory reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Adam, A.: “Cyberstalking. Gender and computer ethics.” In: Green and Adam (eds): Virtual Gender. Technology, consumption and identity.
\r\n\t- Wachbroit, R.: “Reliance and reliability: the problem of information on the Internet.” In: Gehring, V. (ed): The Internet in public life.
\r\n\t- Sunstein, C.: “Believing False Rumors.” In: Levmore and Nussbaum (eds): The Offensive Internet.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tAdditional reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Johnson, D.: “Crime, abuse and hacker ethics.” In: Hollinger, R.: Crime, deviance, and the computer.
\r\n\t- Holiday, R.: Trust Me, I'm Lying: Confessions of a Media Manipulator.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tWeek 3: Intellectual property and copyright
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- precursors: printed press, broadcast media
\r\n\t- p2p networking, filesharing, digital manipulation and duplication
\r\n\t- the concept of originality, shanzhai products
\r\n\t
\r\n\tCompulsory reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Nissenbaum, H.: “Should I Copy My Neighbour’s Software?” In: Johnson and Nissenbaum (eds): Computers, ethics and social values.
\r\n\t- Stallman, R.: “Are Computer Property Rights Absolute?” and “Why Software Should Be Free.” In: Johnson and Nissenbaum (eds): Computers, ethics and social values.
\r\n\t- Spinello, R.: “Beyond Copyright. A Moral Investigation of Intellectual Property Protection in Cyberspace.” In: Cavalier, R. (ed): The impact of the internet on our moral lives.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tAdditional reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Foucault, Michel: “On the Genealogy of Ethics.” In: The Continental Ethics Reader.
\r\n\t- Anderson, C.: “In the Next Industrial Revolution, Atoms Are the New Bits.” In: Wired, http://www.wired.com/magazine/2010/01/ff_newrevolution/all/1
\r\n\t- Creative Commons Project. In: http://creativecommons.org
\r\n\t
\r\n\tWeek 4: Ethical issues in content creation
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- (professional) codes of ethics in programming and distribution
\r\n\t
\r\n\tCompulsory reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Association for Computing Machinery: “Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct (1992).” In: http://www.ccs.neu.edu/home/perrolle/ethics/ACMguidelines.html (also in: Kling, R.: Computerization and Controversy.)
\r\n\t- Baase, S: “Computers and Work.” In: A Gift of Fire.
\r\n\t- Ladd, J.: “The Quest for a Code of Professional Ethics: An Intellectual and Moral Confusion.” In: Johnson and Nissenbaum (eds): Computers, Ethics and Social Values.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tAdditional reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Kling, R.: “Information and Computer Scientists as Moral Philosophers and Social Analysts.” In: Kling, R.: Computerization and Controversy.
\r\n\t- Parker et al: “All in a Day’s Work: Nine provocative examples in the practice of computing professionals.” In: Kling, R.: Computerization and Controversy
\r\n\t- Johnson, D.: “Professional Ethics.” In: Johnson and Nissenbaum (eds): Computers, Ethics and Social Values.
\r\n\t- Derrida, Jacques: “Passions.” In: The Continental Ethics Reader.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tWeek 5: Online censorship and digital access
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- freedom of information and speech
\r\n\t- ‘ambivalent’ online content: porn, stereotyping, information on weapons manufacturing...
\r\n\t- censorship and protective legislation
\r\n\t
\r\n\tCompulsory reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Spinello, R.: “Free Speech and Content Control in Cyberspace.” In: Cyberethics. Morality and Law in Cyberspace.
\r\n\t- Sifry, M. “The End of Secrecy.” In: WikiLeaks and the Age of Transparency.
\r\n\t- Chun, W.: “Screening Pornography.” In: Control and Freedom.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tAdditional reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Dwyer, S.: “Enter Here - At Your Own Risk: The Moral Dangers of Cyberporn.” In: Cavalier, R. (ed): The impact of the internet on our moral lives.
\r\n\t- Chilling Effects Project. In: http://www.chillingeffects.org
\r\n\t- Indymedia.NL: “German attempt to censor internet failing.” In: http://www.indymedia.nl/nl/2002/04/3362.shtml
\r\n\t- Wikileaks. In: http://wikileaks.ch/mirrors.html
\r\n\t
\r\n\t
\r\n\tWeek 6: (Data) privacy, safety and surveillance
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- surveillance, self-censorship and subjective interpellation
\r\n\t- public/private confusion
\r\n\t- data encryption
\r\n\t
\r\n\tCompulsory reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Spinello, R.: “Regulating Internet Privacy” and “Securing the Electronic Frontier.” In: Cyberethics. Morality and Law in Cyberspace.
\r\n\t- Kling, R.: “Information Technologies and the Shifting Balance between Privacy and Social Control.” In: Kling, R. (ed): Computerization and Controversy.
\r\n\t- Lyon, D.: “The world wide web of surveillance: the internet and off-world power flows.” In: Mackay and O’Sullivan (eds): The Media Reader. Continuity and Transformation.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tAdditional reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Bentham, Jeremy: “Panopticon, or, the inspection-house.” In: Muncie and McLaughlin (eds): Criminological perspectives.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tMidterm break
\r\n\t
\r\n\tMidterm essay due: Tuesday 30 September (1500 words)
\r\n\t
\r\n\tSection Two: Social/Philosophical Issues around New Technologies
\r\n\t
\r\n\tWeek 7: Medical and bio-technologies
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- bioethics, reproductive rights, abortion, euthanasia, cloning, nanotechnologies, technological enhancement
\r\n\t- ‘genetic essentialism’
\r\n\t
\r\n\tCompulsory reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Klass, P.: “The Best Intentions: Newborn technologies and Bioethical Borderlines.” In: Garber, Hanssen and Walkowitz (eds): The Turn to Ethics.
\r\n\t- Pollack Petchesky, R.: “Foetal Images: The Power of Visual Culture in the Politics of Reproduction.” In: Kirkup, G. et al: The Gendered Cyborg.
\r\n\t- Bailey, R.: “What exactly is wrong with cloning people?” In: Reynolds, T. (ed): Ethical Issues. Western Philosophical and Religious Perspectives.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tAdditional reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Emily, M.: “The Egg and the Sperm: how science has constructed a romance based on stereotypical male/female roles.” In: Signs, 16, 3.
\r\n\t- Tavani, H.: “Ethics at the Intersection of Computing and Genomics.” In: Ethics, Computing, and Genomics.
\r\n\t- Baudrillard, Jean: “The Final Solution.” In: The Vital Illusion.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tWeek 8: no class due to Hari Raya Haji
\r\n\t
\r\n\tWeek 9: Justice, (post)humanism and technological instrumentalism
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- new technologies and teleological narratives (of progress)
\r\n\t- limitations of technological instrumentalism
\r\n\t
\r\n\tCompulsory reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Heidegger, Martin: “The Question Concerning Technology.” In: Basic Writings and http://72.52.202.216/~fenderse/Technology.html.
\r\n\t- Kling, R.: “The Seductive Equation of Technological Progress with Social Progress.” In: Kling, R. (ed): Computerization and Controversy.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tAdditional reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Gray, John: “Biotechnology and the Post-human Future.” In: Heresies: Against Progress and Other Illusions.
\r\n\t- Baudrillard, Jean: “The Irony of Technology.” In: The Perfect Crime.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tWeek 10: Digital rights, freedom and democracy
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- rights discourses and anthropocentrism
\r\n\t- technologically endowed freedom
\r\n\t- online democracy and social inclusion
\r\n\t- compulsive communication
\r\n\t
\r\n\tCompulsory reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Dean, Jodi: “Communicative Capitalism: Circulation and the Foreclosure of Politics.” In: Cultural Politics.
\r\n\t- Hamelink, C.: “The Decent Society and Cyberspace.” In: The Ethics of Cyberspace.
\r\n\t- Hindman, M.: “The Internet and the 'Democratization' of Politics.” In: The Myth of Digital Democracy.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tAdditional reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Deleuze, Gilles: “On Human Rights.” In: http://www.generation-online.org/p/fpdeleuze10.htm
\r\n\t- Hamelink, C.: “Equal Entitlement in Cyberspace.” In: The Ethics of Cyberspace.
\r\n\t- Mouffe, Chantal: “Which Ethics for Democracy?” In: Garber, Hanssen and Walkowitz (eds): The Turn to Ethics.
\r\n\t- Electronic Frontier Foundation. In: http://www.eff.org
\r\n\t- Morozov, E.: The Net Delusion: the Dark Side of Internet Freedom.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tWeek 11: New media activism
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- political blogging, online petitions, activist websites, hacking, tactical media, new media activism and art
\r\n\t- luddism, problematising technology
\r\n\t
\r\n\tCompulsory reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Kelly, K.: “The Electronic Hive: Embrace It.” In: Kling, R. (ed): Computerization and Controversy and http://kk.org/writings/the-electronic-hive-embrace-it.php
\r\n\t- Warnick, B. and Heineman, D.: “Anti-Institutional Politics Online.” In: Rhetorics Online: the Politics of New Media.
\r\n\t- Robins and Webster: “Engaging with Luddism.” In: Times of the Technoculture.
\r\n\t- Birkerts, S.: “The Electronic Hive: Refuse It.” In: Kling, R. (ed): Computerization and Controversy.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tAdditional reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Lovink, G. and Schneider, F.: “A Virtual World is Possible. From Tactical Media to Digital Multitudes.” In: Artnodes http://www.uoc.edu/artnodes/espai/eng/art/lovink_schneider0603/lovink_schneider0603.html
\r\n\t- Notes from Nowhere: “Indymedia.” In: we are everywhere. the irresistible rise of global anticapitalism.
\r\n\t- Hoofd, I.: Ambiguities of Activism: Alter-Globalism and the Imperatives of Speed.
\r\n\t- Darby, T.: “On Globalization, Technology, and the New Justice.” In: Tabachnick and Koivukoski (eds): Globalization, Technology and Philosophy.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tWeek 12: Gender, race, class, and the digital divide
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- whiteness, masculinity and cyberspace
\r\n\t- information- and consumer society, neo-liberalism and hyper-capitalism
\r\n\t- digital divides and connectivity
\r\n\t
\r\n\tCompulsory reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Eisenstein, Zillah: “Talking. Cyberfantasies and the relations of power.” In: Global Obscenities: Patriarchy, capitalism, and the lure of cyberfantasy. pp. 70-100 (available in LINC E-Resources).
\r\n\t- Nakamura, Lisa: Race in the construct and the Construction of Race.” In: Cybertypes. Race, Ethnicity and Identity on the Internet.
\r\n\t- Armitage, John: “Resisting the Neoliberal Discourse of Technology. The Politics of Cyberculture in the Age of the Virtual Class.” In: C-Theory, http://www.ctheory.net/printer.asp?id=111
\r\n\t
\r\n\tAdditional reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Spivak, Gayatri and Lovink, G.: “Pax Electronica. Against Crisis-driven Global Telecommunication.” In: http://www.kunstradio.at/FUTURE/DX/EVENTS/geert-spivak.html
\r\n\t- Haraway, Donna: “A Cyborg Manifesto.” In: Bell and Kennedy (eds): The Cybercultures Reader.
\r\n\t- Sardar, Ziauddin: “alt-civilizations.faq: Cyberspace as the Darker Side of the West.” In: Bell and Kennedy (eds): The Cybercultures Reader.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tWeek 13: Emergent technologies, violence and war
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- military-industrial complex
\r\n\t- connection, disconnection and fragmentation
\r\n\t- the discourse of ‘terrorism’
\r\n\t- imagined technological futures: between empowerment and destruction
\r\n\t
\r\n\tCompulsory reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Robins and Webster: “Cyberwars: The military information revolution.” In: Times of the Technoculture.
\r\n\t- Kling, R.: “Hopes and Horrors.” In: Kling, R. (ed): Computerization and Controversy.
\r\n\t- Hammond, Philip: “The Media War on Terrorism.” In: Media, War and Postmodernity.
\r\n\t- Byung-Chul Han: “The Ethics of Drone Wars.” On: http://www.matthes-seitz-berlin.de/artikel/byung-chul-han-die-ethik-des-drohnenkriegs.html
\r\n\t
\r\n\tAdditional Reading:
\r\n\t
\r\n\t- Mitcham, C.: “The Spectrum of Ethical Issues Associated with the Military Support of Science and Technology.” In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume 577.
\r\n\t- Ang, I.: “In the realm of uncertainty: the global village and capitalist postmodernity.” In: Mackay and O’Sullivan: The Media Reader: Continuity and Transformation.
\r\n\t- Baudrillard, Jean: “Requiem for the Twin Towers” and “Pornography of War.” In: The Jean Baudrillard Reader.
\r\n\t
\r\n\tFinal Essay due: Tuesday 25 November (3500 words)
\r\n\t
\r\n\t
\n\tPlease note that this module earns undergraduate and honours students 5 MCs (against 4MCs for potential graduates taking the module). This means that the workload for undergrads/honours students will be 25% more than the workload for potential graduates.
\n\n\tAlso note that per the new faculty guidelines, students may no longer constitute their own groups - groups will have to be assigned by the lecturer. While this may seem somewhat unethical (sic!) at first glance, the reason for this is to ensure diversity within the groups and prevent cross-module workload sharing.
\n\n\t- Online and class participation: 10%
\n\n\t- Group presentation in class: 15%
\n\n\t- Midterm paper: 1500 words, due 30 September: 20%
\n\n\t- Peer-review activity on midterm: 5%
\n\n\t- Final paper: due 25 November: counts as 50% for honours/undergraduates (3500 words) and 30% for graduates (2500 words)
\n\n\tPlease note that the University takes a serious view of plagiarism. Any student found to have committed or aided and abetted the offence of plagiarism may be subject to disciplinary actions in accordance with the Section 3 (L) of Statute 06 (Discipline) of the National University of Singapore at: https://share.nus.edu.sg/registrar/info/statutes/Statute06.pdf
\n\n\tIn addition, the student may receive no mark/grade for the relevant academic assignment, project, or thesis; and he/she may fail or be denied a grade for the relevant subject or module. Students should adopt this rule: “You have the obligation to make clear to the assessor which is your own work, and which is the work of others. Otherwise, your assessor is entitled to assume that everything being presented assessment is being presented as entirely your own work.”
\n","Order":8}],"ReadingFormatted":[],"ReadingUnformatted":[]}],"Lecturers":["Hoofd, Ingrid Maria"],"LecturePeriods":["Tuesday Afternoon"]}]}