{"ModuleCode":"CM4269","ModuleTitle":"Sustainable & Green Chemistry","Department":"Chemistry","ModuleDescription":"The module covers: (i) introduction: origin, current status and future of green chemistry; (ii) concept of sustainability; (iii) environmental fate of chemicals; (iv) metrics for environmental risk evaluation of chemicals; (v) elements of green chemistry; (vi) energy balance in chemical reactions and separation processes; (vii) selectivity and yield improvements in chemical processes via statistical methods; (viii)fundamentals of industrial waste treatment; (ix) environmental consequences of burning fossil fuels for generation of energy; (x) renewable sources of fuels and chemical feedstocks; (xi) energy future beyond carbon; and (xii) advanced green chemistry techniques and process intensification","ModuleCredit":"4","Prerequisite":"(CM2132 or CM2167) and (CM3221 or 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\n
\nAfter understanding the context in which Green Chemistry Sits, the main aims of this module are:
\n
\nto be aware of the range of operations and processes that comprise the modern chemical industry
\nto understand the various ways that the chemical industry impinges of the environment and economics
\nto manipulate particular reactions and reaction conditions to minimise negative impacts and increase efficiency and specificity of particular reactions
\n
\n","Order":1},{"ID":"2e5f053b-8835-4692-be49-41f07234cfff","Title":"Prerequisites","Description":"(CM2132 or CM2167) and (CM3221 or CM3264)","Order":2},{"ID":"3e5f053b-8835-4692-be49-41f07234cfff","Title":"Teaching Modes","Description":"
\n\t\t\t\tFor full details see the module booklet. \n\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\tIn this module both facilitated and peer learning will be used to help you achieve tthe learning outcomes. Facilitated learning will include lectures, and workshops. Peer learning will include presentations and group coursework assignments. \n\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\tFor each part of the lecture material there will be reading material on IVLE which you are expected to read. The lecture course is dense, and just coming along and looking at the lecture overheads is unlikely to be sufficient for you to get a good grade. Remember, you read for your degree. Lecture overheads will be available for the lectures on IVLE. The workshop materials will usually be available the day before the workshops. \n\t\t\t\t | \n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tFor full details see the module booklet. \n\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\tThe main lecture material runs for the first 7-9 weeks (including set-up), after which there are a few guest lectures and you will be presenting. The guest lectures are mainly from external speakers, and should provide you with some interesting viewpoints. The Guest lectures are not assessed, i.e. the material will not be formally examined. However, you should find this material useful in your study of this area. \n\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\tThe structure of each week is detailed in the module booklet, but for the main part of the course, the first lecture session each week will be a formal lecture. The second lecture slot each week will be an interactive workshop session – it takes place in the lecture venue and you will need to bring your laptops. The Tutorial slots each week will mostly not be used for formal teaching of material, but instead will be needed for peer learning component, see module booklet. The assignments are based on a peer learning model, and your groups will need this time to work together to deliver outputs. \n\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\tNOTE - formal tutorial slots will not be used for most of this module, i.e. you have the choice when to meet. \n\t\t\t\t | \n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\tThis module will cover the topics \n\t\t\t\t[1] Context - good business is green business \n\t\t\t\t• the traditional model - externalities and pollution \n\t\t\t\t• the tragedy of the Commons \n\t\t\t\t• economics drives environment \n\t\t\t\t• national and global competitiveness \n\t\t\t\t• value add \n\t\t\t\t[2] Sustainability \n\t\t\t\t• society and sustainability. \n\t\t\t\t• sustainable use of matter and energy \n\t\t\t\t• "renewable" sources of raw materials and energy. \n\t\t\t\t• Life cycle Analysis and Cradle to Grave Assessment \n\t\t\t\t• chemistry of biodegradability and recycling \n\t\t\t\t• Is anything truly "sustainable"? \n\t\t\t\t• metrics of environmental risk \n\t\t\t\t[3] Origin of green chemistry. The twelve principles. Metrics of "greeness" of a chemical process. Atom economy. The E-factor. \n\t\t\t\t• Green chemistry as a reduction process: pollution prevention and waste minimization, reduction of energy consumption, reduction of risk and hazard. \n\t\t\t\t• Elements of Green Chemistry: Flow diagrams and mass balance analyses of chemical processes. Definition of instantaneous and overall conversion, selectivity and yield. Modelling and enhancement of selectivity of desired products in complex reactions via temperature control, advanced catalysis and reactor design (including basics of mass and energy balances in flow reactors). \n\t\t\t\t• Techniques and process intensification: Microwave chemistry, supercritical solvents, sonochemistry, ionic liquids, domino reactions, membrane reactors, reactive distillation, microreactors \n\t\t\t\t[4] Environmental fate of chemicals. Chemical and physical properties estimation. Vapour pressure, KOW, water solubility, bioconcentration factor, Henry's constant, soil sorption coefficients, estimating environmental persistence, biodegradability and risk. Designing safer chemicals. \n\t\t\t\t[5] Energy balance in chemical reactions and in separation processes. Basics of heat transfer. Mass and energy integration and conservation in chemical processes. Pinch diagrams. The concept of energy and lost work. Energy flow in chemical processes. \n\t\t\t\t[6] Selectivity and yield improvements in chemical processes via statistical methods: design of experiments and factorial design as an optimization tools. \n\t\t\t\t[7] Fundamentals of industrial waste treatment: Characteristic of waste streams. Physical, biological and chemical waste treatment. Kinetics and modelling of microbial growth and substrate utilization. Aeration and oxygen mass transfer. Bioreactors. Aerobic and anaerobic fermentation and oxidation. Biological nitrification and denitrification. Treatment of toxic and refractory organic wastes. Chemical waste treatment. Fenton chemistry and reactive oxygen species. Wet air oxidation. \n\t\t\t\t[8] Flue gases treatment in power stations and in motor vehicles. FDG- flue gas desulfurization (SOx removal). SCR- selective catalytic reduction (NOx removal). Catalytic chemistry of the three-way catalytic converter in cars. Catalysis of hydrotreating processes at the refinery. Precombustion and postcombustion capture of CO2. \n\t\t\t\t[9] Renewable sources of fuels and chemical feedstocks. Biodiesel and bioethanol. Conversion and gasification of lingo-cellulose and biomass. Synthesis gas and Fischer-Tropsch chemistry. Water gas shift reaction. Catalysis for renewables | \n\t\t